As part of the theory driving test, certain offences are considered particularly serious and result in a penalty of 5 points. Here is a detailed overview of these 49 major offences, excluding speeding violations.

Offences relating to traffic rules

• Refusal to comply with orders from an authorised officer
• Failure to comply with rules for moving a vehicle at an officer's request
• Incorrect use of traffic lanes (left-hand lane with central reservation)
• Offences against crossing and overtaking rules
• Endangering road users on the verge or during manoeuvres

Protection of vulnerable road users

• Failure to observe rules concerning pedestrians and pedestrian zones
• Offences relating to transporting children
• Failure to maintain a safe distance from cyclists
• Dangerous behaviour towards public transport

Signalling offences

• Failure to observe traffic lights
• Driving the wrong way
• Crossing continuous lines
• Offences at level crossings

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